Biology Practice Questions for Celebration "Exam"

Short Answer

1. Sequence the following steps: scientific law, problem, theory, hypothesis, experiment.

2. Arrange each of the following in order from largest to smallest.
1. centimeter
2. kilometers
3. meters
4. micrometers
5. millimeters

Problem

3. A living cell has certain characteristics in common with a working factory. In a factory, products are assembled according to specified plans, energy is used in the assembly process, products are packaged and taken out of the factory, and a supervisor directs and oversees all of the activities occurring in the factory. Draw a model of a factory, labeling areas where the following important activities would occur: main office where supervisor keeps the plans and oversees activities, assembly line, electricity generator, packaging center, and factory doors. Next to each of your labels, write the name of the cellular organelle or structure that has a similar function. Choose the cellular organelles and structures from the list that follows: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuole. Write your answer in the space below.

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.

4. A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane is called a(n) ____________________ cell.

5. The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called the ____________________.

6. Photosynthesis takes place in the ____________________ of plant cells.

7. Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes. In addition, plant cells are surrounded by a(n) ____________________.

8. ____________________ is a biochemical pathway of cellular respiration that is anaerobic.

9. A picture of a cell’s chromosomes is called a ____________________.

10. ____________________ is the process by which bacteria split asexually into two identical organisms.

11. In bacteria, cell division takes place in two stages. First the ____________________ is copied, and then the cell splits.

12. In mitosis, anaphase follows ____________________.

13. After a new nuclear membrane forms during telophase of mitosis or meiosis, the ____________________ divides, resulting in two cells.

14. The process called ____________________ guarantees that the number of chromosomes in gametes is half the number of chromosomes in body cells.

15. The cells resulting from meiosis in either males or females are called ____________________.

16. ____________________ refers to the transmission of traits from parent to offspring in sexually reproducing organisms.

17. An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is called ____________________.

18. The likelihood that a specific event will occur is called ____________________.

19. A phenomenon in which a heterozygous individual has a phenotype that is intermediate between the phenotypes of its two homozygous parents is called ____________________.

20. Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a(n) ____________________.

21. Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen base pairs in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____________________ to each other.

22. According to base-pairing rules, adenine pairs with ____________________ and guanine pairs with ____________________.

23. Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together.

24. The process by which DNA copies itself is called ____________________.

25. The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of ____________________.
Answer Section

SHORT ANSWER

1. problem, hypothesis, experiment, theory, scientific law

2. 2, 3, 1, 5, 4

PROBLEM

3. main office—nucleus
assembly line—endoplasmic reticulum
electricity generator—mitochondrion
packaging center—Golgi apparatus
factory doors—cell membrane

COMPLETION

4. eukaryotic

5. cytosol

6. chloroplasts

7. cell wall

8. Glycolysis

9. karyotype

10. Binary fission

11. DNA

12. metaphase

13. cytoplasm

14. meiosis

15. gametes

16. Heredity

17. homozygous

18. probability

19. incomplete dominance

20. double helix

21. complementary

22. thymine, cytosine

23. helicases

24. replication

25. translation