Study Guide Answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A

2. D

3. C

4. C

5. B

6. C

7. C

8. A

9. A

10. D

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. B

15. D

16. B

17. D

18. C

MATCHING

19. D

20. F

21. I

22. A

23. K

24. B

25. J

26. E

27. G

28. C

29. H

30. C

31. B

32. C

33. D

34. A

SHORT ANSWER

35. quantitative is measured

36. The cubit is not a standard measurement. There is no exact quantity to compare the cubit with so the measurement in cubits of the door and the table doesn't mean anything.

PROBLEM

37. d = 240 g/200 mL = 1.2 g/mL = 1.2 g/cm³

38.

a. The independent variable was the number of cups of coffee a subject drank each day; the dependent variables were the indicators of human health measured.

b. This was not a controlled experiment because there was no group of subjects who drank zero cups of coffee a day.

c. Students should disagree with the scientists’ conclusion because this was not a controlled experiment (there could be something harmful in coffee that would be effective when only one cup of coffee was consumed each day).

ESSAY

39. Each organism is composed of one or more cells. All living things carry out metabolic reactions that involve the use of energy. Reproduction is characteristic of all living things, as is homeostasis, the maintenance of a constant internal environment. All organisms pass on genetic information to offspring.

40. No, the experiment was not a waste of time. A scientist works by systematically showing that certain hypotheses are not valid when they are not consistent with the results of experiments. The results of experiments are used to evaluate alternative hypotheses. An experiment can be successful if it shows that one or more of the alternative hypotheses are inconsistent with observations.

41. study hard!