____ 1. We know viruses are not alive because
a. they are not cellular. b. they cannot make proteins. c. they cannot use energy. d. All of the above
____ 2. The capsid of a virus is the
a. protective outer coat. b. cell membrane. c. nucleus. d. cell wall and membrane complex.
____ 3. A membranous envelope surrounding some viruses may be composed of
a. lipids. b. proteins. c. glycoproteins. d. All of the above
____ 4. Refer to the illustration above. Which labeled structure could possibly be made of RNA?
a. Structure “B” b. Structure “C” c. Structure “D” d. Structure “E”
____ 5. The body’s first line of defense against infection includes all of the following except
a. skin. b. mucous membranes. c. epidermal cells d. interleukin-1.
____ 6. Phagocytes, such as macrophages,
a. produce strong antibiotics. b. secrete interferon. c. shut down immune responses. d. ingest (eat) and destroy pathogens.
____ 7. All of the following are white blood cells that are involved in immune responses except
a. B cells. b. T cells. c. macrophages. d. megakaryocytes.
____ 8. When B cells encounter a pathogen, they
a. secrete interleukin-2, which stimulates cytotoxic T cells. b. divide and produce large amounts of antibody (which mark pathogen for destruction) c. call Ms. Schum and cry wolf! d. attack the cell by making a hole in its membrane.
____ 9. Vaccines are effective in preventing disease because they
a. interfere with the release of suppressor T cells. b. say whatttup to viral infections c. contain specific B cells, T cells, W cells, and K cells. d. trigger antibody formation by creating memory cells
____ 10. All vaccines are produced from killed or weakened
a. phagocytes. b. pathogens (viral intruders) c. antigens. d. allergens.
____ 11. Which of the following describes the actions of HIV?
a. HIV attacks and cripples the immune system. b. HIV invades macrophages and helper T cells. c. HIV kills large numbers of helper T cells. d. All of the above
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
12. The protein coat of a virus is called a(n) ____________________.
13. A virus that transcribes DNA from an RNA template is called a(n) ____________________.
14. ____________________ are bacterial viruses with a polyhedral head and a helical tail.
15. Viruses that infect a host cell and have their nucleic acid replicated but do not harm the host cell are in a ____________________ cycle.
16. A viral DNA molecule formed from an RNA virus is called a(n) ____________________.
17. The virus that causes AIDS is called ____________________.
18. The ____________________ acts as a barrier to keep foreign organisms and viruses out of the body.
19. ____________________ are white blood cells that travel throughout the body, killing bacteria one at a time by ingesting them.
20. B cells produce proteins called ____________________ that can mark pathogens for destruction.
21. ____________________ is the process by which a dead or disabled pathogen (or proteins from that pathogen) is introduced into the body so that an immune response results without an actual infection.
22. A disease in which the body’s immune system attacks its own body cells is called a(n) ____________________ disease.
23. ____________________ causes AIDS.
Problem
24. This week’s reading article was on mosquitoes and viruses. Explain one thing you learned from the article and explain whether or not it is possible to simply wipe mosquitoes out.
25. Compare and contrast a lytic infection with a lysogenic infection (this deals with viruses).
26. Choose one of the following:
A) How do T-cells and B-cells work on your defense
B) Explain the life cycle of a virus
27. How does your first line of defense work in your immune system? How about the second line?
28. HIV is a fatal infection, but victims are not always killed by the virus itself. They generally die from other diseases that a healthy individual could resist successfully. Explain why this is true. Write your answer in the space below.
More prac bio probs
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. B
9. D
10. B
11. D
COMPLETION
12. capsid
13. retrovirus
14. Bacteriophages
15. lysogenic
16. provirus
17. human immunodeficiency virus or HIV
18. skin
19. Macrophages
20. antibodies
21. Vaccination
22. autoimmune
23. HIV
PROBLEM
24. will vary
25. lytic- virus takes over cell (hijacker)
lysogenic - inserts into cell and is copied as normal (sneak attack)
26. T-cells --> helper, killer, suppressors
B-cells --> produce and release antibodies that recognize pathogens and mark them for destruction (make them incapable of working)
life cycle of virus
27. First line - epidermis cells, mucus membranes, antibacerial enzymes
Second line - leukocytes (wbc) which attack viral infection
28. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disables the immune system of the infected person, making the individual susceptible to other pathogens. HIV destroys the immune system by attacking helper T cells, without which the immune system is unable to stimulate B cells or killer T cells.
